Private Equity in the Hospital Industry
Janet Gao, Yongseok Kim, Merih Sevilir
ECGI Working Paper,
Nr. 787,
2021
Abstract
We examine employment and patient outcomes at hospitals acquired by private equity (PE) firms and PE-backed hospitals. While employment declines at PE-acquired hospitals, core medical workers (physicians, nurses, and pharmacists) increase significantly. The proportion of wages paid to core workers increases at PE-acquired hospitals whereas the proportion paid to administrative employees declines. These results are most pronounced for deals where the acquirers are publicly traded PE-backed hospitals. Non-PE-backed acquirers also cut employment but do not increase core workers or reduce administrative expenditures. Finally, PE-backed acquirers are not associated with worse patient satisfaction or mortality rates compared to their non-PE-backed counterparts.
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25.01.2021 • 2/2021
Hohes öffentliches Defizit nicht nur wegen Corona – Mittelfristige Handlungsmöglichkeiten für den Staat
Nach der Mittelfristprojektion des Leibniz-Instituts für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle (IWH) wird das Bruttoinlandsprodukt in Deutschland zwischen den Jahren 2020 und 2025 langsamer wachsen als zuvor, nicht nur aufgrund der Pandemie-Krise, sondern auch, weil die Erwerbsbevölkerung zurückgehen wird. Die im Fall unveränderter gesetzlicher Rahmenbedingungen resultierenden strukturellen öffentlichen Defizite dürften höher sein, als es die Schuldenbremse erlaubt. Die Konsolidierung würde, vor allem wenn sie durch Steuererhöhungen erfolgt, kurzfristig mit spürbaren wirtschaftlichen Einbußen einhergehen. „Es spricht viel dafür, die Schuldenbremse zwar nicht abzuschaffen, aber ein Stück weit zu lockern“, sagt Oliver Holtemöller, Leiter der Abteilung Makroökonomik und Vizepräsident des IWH.
Oliver Holtemöller
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Benign Neglect of Covenant Violations: Blissful Banking or Ignorant Monitoring
Stefano Colonnello, Michael Koetter, Moritz Stieglitz
Economic Inquiry,
Nr. 1,
2021
Abstract
Theoretically, bank's loan monitoring activity hinges critically on its capitalization. To proxy for monitoring intensity, we use changes in borrowers' investment following loan covenant violations, when creditors can intervene in the governance of the firm. Exploiting granular bank‐firm relationships observed in the syndicated loan market, we document substantial heterogeneity in monitoring across banks and through time. Better capitalized banks are more lenient monitors that intervene less with covenant violators. Importantly, this hands‐off approach is associated with improved borrowers' performance. Beyond enhancing financial resilience, regulation that requires banks to hold more capital may thus also mitigate the tightening of credit terms when firms experience shocks.
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The Real Impact of Ratings-based Capital Rules on the Finance-Growth Nexus
Iftekhar Hasan, Gazi Hassan, Suk-Joong Kim, Eliza Wu
International Review of Financial Analysis,
January
2021
Abstract
We investigate whether ratings-based capital regulation has affected the finance-growth nexus via a foreign credit channel. Using quarterly data on short to medium term real GDP growth and cross-border bank lending flows from G-10 countries to 67 recipient countries, we find that since the implementation of Basel 2 capital rules, risk weight reductions mapped to sovereign credit rating upgrades have stimulated short-term economic growth in investment grade recipients but hampered growth in non-investment grade recipients. The impact of these rating upgrades is strongest in the first year and then reverses from the third year and onwards. On the other hand, there is a consistent and lasting negative impact of risk weight increases due to rating downgrades across all recipient countries. The adverse effects of ratings-based capital regulation on foreign bank credit supply and economic growth are compounded in countries with more corruption and less competitive banking sectors and are attenuated with greater political stability.
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07.01.2021 • 1/2021
IWH-Insolvenztrend: Deutlich mehr Insolvenzen im Dezember
Die Zahl der Insolvenzen war im Dezember 2020 deutlich höher als in den Vormonaten. Für die ersten beiden Monate des Jahres 2021 rechnet das Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle (IWH) mit ähnlichen Zahlen. Das IWH liefert mit dem IWH-Insolvenztrend ein monatliches Update zum bundesweiten Insolvenzgeschehen.
Steffen Müller
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Drawing Conclusions from Structural Vector Autoregressions Identified on the Basis of Sign Restrictions
Christiane Baumeister, James D. Hamilton
Journal of International Money and Finance,
December
2020
Abstract
This paper discusses the problems associated with using information about the signs of certain magnitudes as a basis for drawing structural conclusions in vector autoregressions. We also review available tools to solve these problems. For illustration we use Dahlhaus and Vasishtha’s (2019) study of the effects of a U.S. monetary contraction on capital flows to emerging markets. We explain why sign restrictions alone are not enough to allow us to answer the question and suggest alternative approaches that could be used.
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Transactional and Relational Approaches to Political Connections and the Cost of Debt
Taufiq Arifin, Iftekhar Hasan, Rezaul Kabir
Journal of Corporate Finance,
December
2020
Abstract
This paper examines the economic effects of a firm's approach to developing and maintaining political connections. Specifically, we investigate whether lenders favor transactional connection as opposed to relational connection. By tracing firms in a politically volatile emerging democracy in Indonesia, we find that firms following a transactional political connection strategy experience a relatively lower cost of debt than those with a relational strategy. The effect is more pronounced for firms facing high financial distress. The finding is robust to cost of bank loans and a variety of regression methods. Overall, the evidence suggests that in times of frequently changing political regimes, firms benefit from a transactional relationship with politicians as it enables to update connection with the government in power. Relational connection is valuable for a firm only when the political regime connected with it gains power.
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14.12.2020 • 25/2020
Deutsche Lebensversicherer investieren nicht ausreichend in Start-ups
Die deutschen Lebensversicherer legen ihr Kapital bislang zu wenig in Aktien an und hemmen so die wirtschaftliche Dynamik. Eine Studie des Leibniz-Instituts für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle (IWH) legt nahe, dass der Gründerszene Risikokapital fehlt, um erfolgreiche Start-ups zu finanzieren. Grund dafür ist das Anlageverhalten potenzieller Investoren. IWH-Präsident Reint Gropp fordert Reformen, die die Finanzierung innovativer Ideen fördern.
Reint E. Gropp
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Why Life Insurers are Key to Economic Dynamism in Germany
Reint E. Gropp, William McShane
IWH Online,
Nr. 6,
2020
Abstract
Young entrepreneurial firms are of critical importance for innovation. But to bring their new ideas to the market, these startups depend on investors who understand and are willing to accept the risk associated with a new firm. Perhaps the key reason as to why the US has succeeded in producing nearly all the most successful new firms of the 21st century is the economy’s ability to supply vast sums of capital to promising startups. The volume of venture capital (VC) invested in the US is more than 60 times that of Germany. In this policy note, we argue that differences in the regulatory and structural context of institutional investors, in particular life insurance companies, is a central driver of the relative lack of VC - and thereby successful startups - in Germany.
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03.12.2020 • 24/2020
IWH-Insolvenztrend: Welle an Großinsolvenzen vorerst vorbei
Nachdem im Sommer zahlreiche Großinsolvenzen die Zahl der gefährdeten Arbeitsplätze nach oben trieb, ist die Zahl der von Insolvenz betroffenen Beschäftigten mittlerweile rückläufig. Auch die Anzahl der Insolvenzen liegt weiter auf niedrigem Niveau. Das Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle (IWH) liefert mit dem IWH-Insolvenztrend ein monatliches Update zum bundesweiten Insolvenzgeschehen.
Steffen Müller
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