The Diffusion of Microgeneration Technologies. Assessing the Influence of Perceived Product Characteristics on Home Owners' Willingness to Pay
Marius Claudy, Claus Michelsen, A. O´Driscol
Energy Policy,
No. 3,
2011
Abstract
This study presents empirical insight into willingness to pay (WTP) for microgeneration technologies and the relative influence of subjective consumer perceptions. First, we apply a double-bounded-contingent valuation method to elicit Irish home owners’ willingness to pay for micro wind turbines, wood pellet boilers, solar panels and solar water heaters. Utilizing findings from the adoption of innovation literature, in a second step, we assess the influence of different antecedents on WTP for each of the four technologies, including (1) home owners’ perception of product characteristics, (2) normative influences, and (3) socio demographic characteristics. Our results show that WTP varies significantly between the four technologies. More importantly, however, home owners’ hold different beliefs about the respective technologies, which significantly influence their WTP. The results provide valuable information for marketers and policy makers, aiming to promote microgeneration technologies more effectively in consumer markets.
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Regional Entrepreneurial Opportunities in the Biotech Industry: Exploring the Transition from Award-winning Nascent Entrepreneurs to Real Start-ups
H. Wolf, Claus Michelsen, Michael Schwartz
Abstract
Knowledge of factors that determine the transition from nascent entrepreneurship into real entrepreneurship is of major importance for policies aiming to effectively stimulate start-ups. Whereas scholars concentrated on person-specific factors to explain transition probabilities, environmental characteristics have been fairly neglected. Given that entrepreneurship is a strongly localized phenomenon, this paper argues that regional entrepreneurial opportunities are a driving force behind the transition from nascent entrepreneurship to new venture creation. Based on unique data on 103 nascent entrepreneurs in the German biotechnology industry, we empirically assess the importance of regional entrepreneurial opportunities on transition probabilities. Further, we introduce a new
approach to measure nascent entrepreneurship by capturing individuals that actively participate in start-up competitions and have won at least one competition. Controlling for technology and individual characteristics, we find strong support for our hypotheses relating to the significant impact of general regional opportunities, specific regional opportunities and the entrepreneurial environment for the probability of transition from award-winning nascent entrepreneurs to real start-ups.
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Neo-liberalism, the Changing German Labor Market, and Income Distribution: An Institutionalist and Post Keynesian Analysis
John B. Hall, Udo Ludwig
Journal of Economic Issues,
2010
Abstract
This inquiry relies on an Institutionalist and Post Keynesian analysis to explore Germany's neo-liberal project, noting cumulative effects emerging as measurable economic and societal outcomes. Investments in technologies generate rising output-to-capital ratios. Increasing exports offset the Domar problem, but give rise to capital surpluses. National income redistributes in favor of capital. Novel labor market institutions emerge. Following Minsky, good times lead to bad: as seeming successes of neo-liberal policies are accompanied by financial instability, growing disparities in household incomes, and sharp declines in German exports on world markets, resulting in one of the deepest, recent contractions in the industrialized world.
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The Dilemma of Delegating Search: Budgeting in Public Employment Services
Martin Altemeyer-Bartscher, J. T. Addison, T. Kuhn
IZA Discussion Papers, No. 5170,
No. 5170,
2010
Abstract
The poor performance often attributed to many public employment services may be explained in part by a delegation problem between the central office and local job centers. In markets characterized by frictions, job centers function as match-makers, linking job seekers with relevant vacancies. Because their search intensity in contacting employers and collecting data is not verifiable by the central authority, a typical moral hazard problem can arise. To overcome the delegation problem and provide high-powered incentives for high levels of search effort on the part of job centers, we propose output-related schemes that assign greater staff capacity to agencies achieving high strike rates.
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Evaluierung des Programms des Sächsischen Staatsministeriums für Wissenschaft und Kunst (SMWK) zur Förderung von Projekten im Forschungsbereich
Jutta Günther, Iciar Dominguez Lacasa, Michael Fritsch, Nicole Nulsch, Viktor Slavtchev, Michael Schwartz, Mirko Titze, Katja Wilde
IWH-Sonderhefte,
No. 1,
2010
Abstract
Die vorliegende Studie des Instituts für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle (IWH) im Auftrag des Sächsischen Staatsministeriums für Wissenschaft und Kunst (SMWK) evaluiert das Programm „Förderung von Projekten im Forschungsbereich“ des Ministeriums. Das Programm richtet sich an Wissenschaftseinrichtungen in Sachsen. Es zielt auf die Stärkung der Spitzenforschung, der Profilbildung, der Drittmittelfähigkeit, der Internationalisierung sowie der Vernetzung der Wissenschaftseinrichtungen untereinander und mit der Wirtschaft. Gefördert werden grundlagenorientierte Projekte, Geräteausstattungen, Aufenthalte von Gastwissenschaftlern sowie wissenschaftliche Tagungen. Die Finanzierung des Programms erfolgt ausschließlich aus Landesmitteln.
Im Zeitraum 2002 bis 2008 wurden insgesamt 745 Vorhaben mit einem Gesamtvolumen von 20,51 Mio. Euro in 41 Wissenschaftseinrichtungen gefördert. Über 90% der Mittel entfielen auf die Fördergegenstände Projektförderung sowie Geräteausstattung. Befragt wurden 311 für die Fördervorhaben zuständige Wissenschaftler, von denen sich 69% an der Befragung beteiligten. Hinsichtlich der erreichten Effekte nannten die meisten Fördermittelempfänger die „Stärkung der Profilbildung“ (82%, über alle Förderlinien). Bei der Projektförderung sowie der Förderung der Geräteausstattung hoben die Befragten die hohe Wirkung auf die „Stärkung der Drittmittelfähigkeit“ hervor (über 90%). Damit wurden in der Einschätzung der Fördermittelempfänger wesentliche Zielvorgaben des Programms erreicht. Die Erhöhung der Verbundfähigkeit mit der Wirtschaft spielte aus Sicht der Befragten eine untergeordnete Rolle (54% Zustimmung). Der Grund für diesen relativ niedrigen Wert dürfte darin liegen, dass das Förderprogramm vor allem auf grundlagenorientierte Forschung abzielt. Die wissenschaftlichen Tagungen haben einen starken Effekt auf die Vernetzung der Wissenschaftseinrichtungen untereinander, insbesondere mit solchen im Ausland. Damit ist ein weiteres wesentliches Ziel des Programms erreicht worden.
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Cooperation Patterns of Incubator Firms and the Impact of Incubator Specialization: Empirical Evidence from Germany
Michael Schwartz, Christoph Hornych
Technovation,
2010
Abstract
The article examines cooperation patterns of 150 firms located in German business incubators (BIs). More specifically, this study distinguishes between networking within the tenant portfolio and the academic-industry linkages of the tenant firms. We further contribute to the relevant literature by explicitly considering differences in cooperation patterns between firms located on diversified and specialized incubator facilities. Empirical results do not support the common assumption that specialized incubation strategies increase the effectiveness of incubator-internal networking compared to diversified BIs. Also, incubator specialization is not superior to diversified incubators with respect to the promotion of linkages of their tenants with academic institutions. For academic linkages, industry effects matter more than incubator characteristics.
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Specialized incubation strategies are on the rise
Michael Schwartz, Christoph Hornych
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 5,
2010
Abstract
Im Handlungsspektrum wirtschaftspolitischer Entscheidungsträger zugunsten technologie- und innovationsbasierter Wachstumsdynamik gelten Technologie- und Gründerzentren (TGZ) seit fast 30 Jahren vielfach als Herzstück urbaner Wirtschafts-und Innovationsstrategien in Deutschland.
Neben breit aufgestellten, in ihrer sektoralen und technologischen Ausrichtung eher diversifizierten TGZ werden zunehmend so genannte spezialisierte TGZ errichtet. Diese stimmen ihr Förderinstrumentarium auf die Unterstützung einer einzigen Branche bzw. weniger komplementärer Branchen (oder Technologien) ab.
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Credit Union Membership and Use of Internet Banking Technology
H. Evren Damar, Lynn Hunnicutt
B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis and Policy,
No. 1,
2010
Abstract
What makes households use internet banking? Bank adoption of internet banking technology has been widely considered, but relatively few papers address consumer usage of internet banking. This study looks at the determinants of internet banking usage among credit union members in the Western United States. We use call report data from the National Credit Union Administration to calculate the rate of internet banking usage among a credit union's members, which allows us to examine whether variations in institutional characteristics, local economic conditions and membership criteria have an impact on the internet usage rates among members of different credit unions. We find that members in credit unions that were early internet technology adopters have higher usage rates, and that the contribution to usage rates varies among types of online services offered.
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