The Role of Investment Banking for the German Economy: Final Report for Deutsche Bank AG, Frankfurt/Main
Michael Schröder, M. Borell, Reint E. Gropp, Z. Iliewa, L. Jaroszek, G. Lang, S. Schmidt, K. Trela
ZEW-Dokumentationen, Nr. 12-01,
No. 1,
2011
Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess the contributions of investment banking to the economy with a particular focus on the German economy. To this end we analyse both the economic benefits and the costs stemming from investment banking.
The study focuses on investment banks as this part of banking is particularly relevant for financing companies as well as the development and use of specific products to support the needs of private and professional clients. The assessment of benefits and costs of investment banking has been conducted from a European perspective. Nevertheless there is a focus on the German economy to allow a more detailed analysis of certain aspects as for example the use of derivatives by German companies, the success of M&As in Germany or the effect of securitization on loan supply and GDP in Germany. For comparison purposes other European countries and also the U.S. have been taken into account.
The last financial crisis has shown the negative impacts of banks on the financial system and the whole economy. In a study on the contribution of investment banks to systemic risk we quantify the negative side of the investment banking business.
In the last part of the study we assess how the effects of regulatory changes on investment banking. All important changes in banking and capital market regulation are taken into account such as Basel III, additional capital requirements for systemically important financial institutions, regulation of OTC derivatives and specific taxes.
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East German economy in 2011: Despite overall Economic Growth no Progress in Catching Up
Udo Ludwig, Hans-Ulrich Brautzsch, Franziska Exß, Brigitte Loose
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 7,
2011
Abstract
Die ostdeutsche Wirtschaft schlägt in diesem Jahr ein höheres Wachstumstempo an als im Jahr nach der Krise. Während das bislang vom Export getriebene Erholungsmuster die Ausrichtung der ostdeutschen Produktion auf die Güternachfrage im Inland weniger ansprach und der Anstieg des Bruttoinlandsproduktes (BIP) von 2% im vergangenen Jahr deutlich hinter der deutschlandweiten Rate von 3,6% zurückblieb, wird sich das Wachstum im Jahr 2011 auf 2,8% beschleunigen. Ausschlaggebend ist der Wechsel der Auftriebskräfte in Deutschland auf die Nachfrage nach Investitions- und nach Konsumgütern. Treibende Kraft bleibt die Industrie, die bereits 2010 dank der Integration in die gesamtdeutschen Wert-schöpfungsketten fast so kräftig zulegte wie in Westdeutschland. In diesem Jahr kommen jedoch auch das Baugewerbe und die konsumnahen Dienstleistungsbereiche in Schwung.
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Cooperation propensity and public cooperation funding in the German Laser Industry
Muhamed Kudic, Katja Guhr, I. Bullmer, Jutta Günther
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 3,
2011
Abstract
Die Hightech-Strategie der Bundesregierung definiert acht Schlüsseltechnologien, zu denen unter anderem die optischen Technologien und somit die Laserstrahlquellenhersteller zählen. Der Beitrag stützt sich auf aktuelle empirische Auswertungen und gibt einen ersten deskriptiven Überblick über den wissensintensiven Industriezweig der Laserstrahlquellenhersteller in Deutschland zwischen 1990 und 2010. Es zeigt sich, dass die Industrieentwicklung im Betrachtungszeitraum Schwankungen unterlag, in der Summe jedoch durch Expansion gekennzeichnet war. Zudem lässt sich eine hohe Präsenz vor allem von Großunternehmen der Laserstrahlquellenindustrie in Bayern, Baden-Württemberg und Thüringen feststellen. Diese regionalen Verteilungsmuster lassen sich im Hinblick auf die Partizipation an öffentlich geförderten Kooperationsprojekten wiederfinden, allerdings nur bei Betrachtung der absoluten Zahl von Verbundprojekten je Bundesland. In Relation zur Anzahl der Firmen im jeweiligen Bundesland wird die öffentliche Kooperationsförderung insbesondere in Thüringen, Rheinland-Pfalz und Hamburg stark nachgefragt. Somit ergibt sich für die räumliche Verteilung der Kooperationsintensität und Kooperationsförderung pro Firma ein differenziertes Muster.
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The Identification of Regional Industrial Clusters Using Qualitative Input-Output Analysis (QIOA)
Mirko Titze, Matthias Brachert, Alexander Kubis
Regional Studies,
No. 1,
2011
Abstract
The 'cluster theory' has become one of the main concepts promoting regional competitiveness, innovation, and growth. As most empirical applications focus on measures of concentration of one industrial branch in order to identify regional clusters, the appropriate analysis of specific vertical relations is developing in this discussion. This paper tries to identify interrelated sectors via national input-output tables with the help of minimal flow analysis (MFA). The regionalization of these national industry templates is carried out with the allocation of branch-specific production values on regional employment. As a result, the paper shows concentrations of vertical clusters in only 27 of 439 German Nomenclature des Units Territoriales Statistiques (NUTS)-3 regions.
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Economic Structure and Regional Performance in Germany, 2002-2007
Alexander Kubis, Matthias Brachert, Mirko Titze
European Planning Studies,
No. 2,
2012
Abstract
This paper explores the impact of industrial clusters on regional growth at the German labour market region level using a regional convergence model. Based on the results of an exploratory study of the geography of German industrial clusters, we are able to differentiate the impact of industrial clustering from a horizontal and a vertical perspective while taking regional convergence into consideration. The results indicate that in addition to an all-German process of convergence, a specific East German one can be identified. The different types of industrial clusters show mixed effects within this framework. While vertically isolated industrial clusters have a negative impact on regional growth in this period, positive growth effects can be identified when industrial clusters show an intra-regional vertical interconnectedness.
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Die Entwicklung der Corporate Governance deutscher Banken seit 1950
R. H. Schmidt, Felix Noth
Bankhistorisches Archiv,
No. 2,
2011
Abstract
The present paper gives an overview of the development of Corporate Governance of German banks since the 1950s. The focus will be on economic analysis. The most striking changes in Corporate Governance occurred with the ownership structure of commercial banks, in particular with the major joint-stock banks. In addition to that, the capital market has become a core element of Corporate Governance in all major German banks, which have replaced their prior concentration on the interests of a broadly defined circle of stakeholders by a one-sided concentration on shareholders’ interests. In contrast, with savings banks and cooperative cooperative banks, Corporate Governance has remained unchanged for the most part. Exceptions to this are the regional state banks: in their case, after they had turned away from traditional business models and in particular following the discontinuation of the guarantee obligation, the problems of their Corporate Governance, which were already discernible beforehand, became quite obvious. If you include the financial crisis, beginning in 2007, in the analysis, it becomes evident that it was precisely a Corporate Governance unilaterally geared to shareholders’ interest and the efficiency of the capital market that materially contributed to the evolution and widening of the crisis.
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Regional Entrepreneurial Opportunities in the Biotech Industry: Exploring the Transition from Award-winning Nascent Entrepreneurs to Real Start-ups
H. Wolf, Claus Michelsen, Michael Schwartz
Abstract
Knowledge of factors that determine the transition from nascent entrepreneurship into real entrepreneurship is of major importance for policies aiming to effectively stimulate start-ups. Whereas scholars concentrated on person-specific factors to explain transition probabilities, environmental characteristics have been fairly neglected. Given that entrepreneurship is a strongly localized phenomenon, this paper argues that regional entrepreneurial opportunities are a driving force behind the transition from nascent entrepreneurship to new venture creation. Based on unique data on 103 nascent entrepreneurs in the German biotechnology industry, we empirically assess the importance of regional entrepreneurial opportunities on transition probabilities. Further, we introduce a new
approach to measure nascent entrepreneurship by capturing individuals that actively participate in start-up competitions and have won at least one competition. Controlling for technology and individual characteristics, we find strong support for our hypotheses relating to the significant impact of general regional opportunities, specific regional opportunities and the entrepreneurial environment for the probability of transition from award-winning nascent entrepreneurs to real start-ups.
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de-industrialisation and re-industrialisation. Is the East German industry a stability factor of regional economic development?
Gerhard Heimpold
Bundesinstitut für Bau-, Stadt- und Raumforschung im Bundesamt für Bauwesen und Raumordnung (Hrsg.), 20 Jahre deutsche Einheit – Zwei Dekaden im Rückblick. Informationen zur Raumentwicklung, Heft 10/11,
2010
Abstract
Im Beitrag wird die Entwicklung der Industrie in den ostdeutschen Regionen seit Beginn der 1990er Jahre untersucht. Zentrale Frage ist, ob sich der industrielle Sektor zu einem wirtschaftlichen Stabilitätsfaktor in den ostdeutschen Regionen entwickelt hat. Obwohl sich die Industrie in Ostdeutschland bis zum Beginn der Wirtschaftskrise im Jahr 2008 – gemessen am an der Entwicklung der Bruttowertschöpfung – zu einem Wachstumsmotor entwickelt hatte, weisen die intra-industriellen Strukturen in den meisten Regionen Ostdeutschlands weiterhin Defizite in Form unterdurchschnittlicher Anteile technologieintensiver Branchen und hochwertiger Dienstleistungsfunktionen auf. Demzufolge wird weiterer Strukturwandel notwendig sein.
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Analyzing Innovation Drivers in the German Laser Industry: the Role of Positioning in the Social and Geographical Space
Muhamed Kudic, Peter Bönisch, Iciar Dominguez Lacasa
Abstract
Empirical and theoretical contributions provide strong evidence that firm-level performance outcomes in terms of innovativeness can either be determined by the firm’s position in the social space (network effects) or by the firm’s position in the geographical space (co-location effects). Even though we can observe quite recently first attempts in bringing together these traditionally distinct research streams (Whittington et al. 2009), research on interdependent network and geographical co-location effects is still rare. Consequently, we seek to answer the following research question: considering that the effects of social and geographic proximity on firm’s innovativeness can be interdependent, what are the distinct and combined effects of firm’s network and geographic position on firm-level innovation output? We analyze the innovative performance of German laser source manufacturers between 1995 and 2007. We use an official database on publicly funded R&D collaboration projects in order to construct yearly networks and analyze firm’s network positions. Based on information on population entries and exits we calculate various types of geographical proximity measures between private sector and public research organizations (PRO). We use patent grants as dependent variable in order to measure firm-level innovation output. Empirical results provide evidence for distinct effect of network degree centrality. Distinct effect of firm’s geographical co-location to laser-related public research organization promotes patenting activity. Results on combined network and co-location effects confirms partially the existence of in-terdependent proximity effects, even though a closer look at these effects reveals some ambiguous but quite interesting findings.
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