20 Jahre Deutsche Einheit: Von der Transformation zur europäischen Integration - Tagungsband
IWH-Sonderhefte,
No. 3,
2010
Abstract
Der Band dokumentiert die zweitägige internationale Konferenz zum zwanzigsten Jahr der Deutschen Einheit, die am 11. und 12. März 2010 unter Mitwirkung namhafter Vertreter aus Wissenschaft und Politik mit rund 250 Besuchern in Halle stattfand. Veranstalter waren das Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle (IWH), die Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg (MLU) und der Sonderforschungsbereich „Gesellschaftliche Entwicklungen nach dem Systemumbruch. Diskontinuität, Tradition, Strukturbildung“ (SFB 580) an den Universitäten in Halle und Jena. Ziel der Tagung war es, den wirtschaftlichen und gesellschaftlichen Wandel in den Post-Transformationsländern zu beschreiben, zu analysieren und einer kritischen Würdigung zu unterziehen. Aus dem bisherigen Verlauf dieses Prozesses sollen Lehren gezogen, zukünftige Entwicklungsperspektiven und auch Übertragungsmöglichkeiten auf die weltweit weitergehenden Transformationen aufgezeigt werden.
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Political Institutionalisation and Economic Specialisation in Polycentric Metropolitan Regions – The Case of the East German ‚Saxony Triangle‘
Peter Franz, Christoph Hornych
Urban Studies,
2010
Abstract
The rising focus of politicians as well as scientists in the EU on the large urban agglomerations as centres of economic growth is accompanied by political efforts to identify and to demarcate such agglomerations under the label ‘metropolitan regions’. This study develops a theoretical framework broaching the issue of cooperation between municipalities from the perspective of regional economics as well as political science. The framework is applied to the empirical case of the polycentric metropolitan region of the ‘Saxony triangle’ in east Germany. The results show that various intervening factors prevent intense co-operation between the actors in the region. Policy implications and conclusions for future research are discussed.
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Incubation Time, Incubator Age, and Firm Survival after Graduation
Michael Schwartz
International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management,
2012
Abstract
On the basis of a sample of 149 graduate firms from five German business incubators, this article contributes to incubator/incubation literature by investigating the effects of the age of the incubators and the firms´ incubation time in securing long-term survival of the firms after leaving the incubator facilities. The empirical findings from Cox proportional hazards regression and parametric accelerated failure time models reveal a statistically significant negative impact for both variables incubator age and incubation time on post-graduation firm survival. One important implication that follows from the empirical results for policy makers and managers of those initiatives is that, when incubator managers become increasingly involved in various regional development activities, this may reduce the effectiveness of incubator support. Also, our finding speaks in favour of a strict limitation of incubation times and reinforces arguments of the supporters of maximum tenancy.
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Lebenswelt im Umbruch: Strukturwandel und regionale Entwicklung
Alexander Kubis
D. Gregosz (Hrsg.), Wo steht Ostdeutschland in zehn Jahren? Zukunftsperspektiven der „Jungen Länder”,
2010
Abstract
Ostdeutsche Regionen befinden sich auch zwanzig Jahre nach der Herstellung der Einheit Deutschlands in einem anhaltenden Prozess des Strukturwandels. Dieser Strukturwandel ist durch transformationsbedingte Besonderheiten gekennzeichnet. Zwar ist die Transformation im Sinne der Übernahme marktwirtschaftlicher Institutionen längst abgeschlossen. In der Post-Transformationsphase zeigen sich allerdings strukturelle Besonderheiten, die ihre Ursprünge teils in der Entwicklung im Osten Deutschlands in der zentralverwaltungswirtschaftlichen Entwicklungsperiode und teils in den Entwicklungsmustern nach dem Übergang zur Marktwirtschaft haben. Obwohl die neuen marktwirtschaftlichen institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen für alle Regionen in Ostdeutschland die gleichen sind, zeigen sich regionale Unterschiede beim wirtschaftlichen Erfolg, d. h. bei Wachstum und Wohlstand. Mit Rücksicht auf die räumliche Differenzierung liegt es nahe, nicht mehr nur pauschale Vergleiche der Wirtschaftskraft und der dahinter stehenden Faktoren zwischen Ost- und Westdeutschland vorzunehmen, sondern die unterschiedlichen Entwicklungen innerhalb Ostdeutschlands, etwa in Mitteldeutschland, Berlin oder der Thüringer Städtekette mit zu berücksichtigen. Im Folgenden wird auf wichtige Aspekte der in der Post-Transformationsphase herausgebildeten Sektoral-, Funktional- und Unternehmensgrößenstrukturen sowie den regionalen Strukturwandel eingegangen. Im Anschluss wird der demographische Wandel thematisiert, der für die künftige wirtschaftliche Entwicklung in Ostdeutschland eine zentrale Herausforderung darstellt.
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Veblen, Myrdal, and the Convergence Hypothesis: Toward an Institutionalist Critique
John B. Hall, Udo Ludwig
Journal of Economic Issues,
2010
Abstract
An Institutionalist critique that draws from selected contributions of Veblen and Myrdal initiates a convergence debate. Challenged is a Neoclassical interpretation of economic processes expected to lead toward a catching up with respect to per capita output of Germany's poorer eastern region with the richer western region. Economic method is considered, and the Institutionalist School of Thought rooted in contributions of Veblen as well as Myrdal is touted for offering higher levels of explanatory power than the Neoclassical School. We challenge the usefulness of laws in Economic Science, and especially their applicability to the empirical economy. Instead of automatic forces driving a meliorative trend, we seek to establish that human agency and policy play determining roles in affecting economic and societal outcomes in Germany's eastern region.
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How Does Industry Specialization Affect the Efficiency of Regional Innovation Systems?
Michael Fritsch, Viktor Slavtchev
Annals of Regional Science,
No. 1,
2010
Abstract
This study analyzes the relationship between the specialization of a region in certain industries and the efficiency of the region in generating new knowledge. The efficiency measure is constructed by relating regional R&D input and output. An inversely u-shaped relationship is found between regional specialization and R&D efficiency, indicating the presence of externalities of both Marshall and Jacobs’ type. Further factors influencing efficiency are externalities resulting from high R&D intensity of the local private sector as well as knowledge from local public research institutions. The impact of both the specialization and the additional factors is, however, different for regions at different efficiency levels.
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FDI and the National Innovation System - Evidence from Central and Eastern Europe
Jutta Günther, Björn Jindra, Johannes Stephan
D. Dyker (ed.), Network Dynamics in Emerging Regions of Europe, Imperial College Press,
2010
Abstract
The paper investigates strategic motives, technological activities and determinants of foreign investment enterprises’ embeddedness in post-transition economies (Eastern Germany and selected Central East European countries). The empirical study makes use of the IWH FDI micro database. Results of the descriptive analysis of investment motives show that market access dominates over efficiency seeking and other motives. The majority of investors are technologically active in the region as a whole, but countries differ in terms of performance. The probit model estimations show that firm specific characteristics, among them innovativeness and autonomy from parent company, are important determinants of foreign investment enterprises’ embeddedness.
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The Emergence of Wage Coordination in the Central Western European Metal Sector and its Relationship to European Economic Policy
Vera Glassner, Toralf Pusch
Abstract
In the European Monetary Union the transnational coordination of collective wage bargaining has acquired increased importance on the trade union agenda. The metal sector has been at the forefront of these developments. This paper addresses the issue of crossborder coordination of wage setting in the metal sector in the central western European region, that is, in Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium, where coordination practices have become firmly established in comparison to other sectors. When testing the interaction of wage developments in the metal sector of these three countries, relevant macroeconomic (inflation and labour productivity) and sector-related variables (employment, export-dependence) are considered with reference to the wage policy guidelines of the European Commission and the European Metalworkers’ Federation. Empirical evidence can be found for a wage coordination effect in the form of increasing compliance with the wage policy guidelines of the European Metalworkers’ Federation. The evidence for compliance with the stability-oriented wage guideline of the European Commission is weaker.
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