Related Variety, Unrelated Variety and Regional Functions: A spatial panel approach
Matthias Brachert, Alexander Kubis, Mirko Titze
Papers in Evolutionary Economic Geography,
2013
Abstract
The paper presents estimates for the impact of related variety, unrelated variety and the functions a region performs in the production process on regional employment growth in Germany. We argue that regions benefit from the existence of related activities that facilitate economic development. Thereby the sole reliance of the related and unrelated variety concept on standard industrial classifications (SIC) remains debatable. We offer estimations for establishing that conceptual progress can be made when the focus of analysis goes beyond solely considering industries. We develop an industry-function based approach of related and unrelated variety and test our hypothesis by the help of spatial panel approach. Our findings suggest that related variety as same as unrelated variety facilitate regional employment growth in Germany. However, the drivers behind these effects do differ. While the positive effect of related variety is driven by high degrees of relatedness in the regional “R&D” and “White-Collar”-functions, the effects of unrelated variety are spurred by “Blue Collar”-functions in this period.
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Konjunkturelle Flaute zum Jahresende 2012 – aber auch Anzeichen für eine mäßige Brise im neuen Jahr
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 1,
2013
Abstract
In diesem Artikel wird die Konjunkturprognose des IWH vom 13. Dezember 2012 zusammenfassend dargestellt.
Das IWH ist im Dezember für das Jahr 2012 von einer Zunahme des Bruttoinlandsproduktes in Deutschland von 0,8% ausgegangen. Aktuellere Daten des Statistischen Bundesamtes weisen eine Zunahme um 0,7% aus. Das vierte Quartal 2012 dürfte somit geringfügig schwächer ausgefallen sein als in der Prognose vom Dezember unterstellt. Die Prognose für die Jahre 2013 und 2014 bleibt davon jedoch unberührt. Nach konjunktureller Flaute zum Jahresende 2012 dürfte die Weltwirtschaft im Jahr 2013 wieder frischen Wind in den Segeln verspüren. Ein kräftiger Aufschwung bleibt jedoch aus. Die Konsolidierungsnotwendigkeiten in vielen fortgeschrittenen Volkswirtschaften wirken weiter belastend. Auch die deutsche Wirtschaft wird im Schlussquartal des Jahres 2012 schrumpfen, dann aber wieder Fahrt aufnehmen. Das Bruttoinlandsprodukt legt im Jahr 2013 um 0,7% zu und im Jahr 2014 um 1,5%. Dabei wird die Arbeitslosenquote geringfügig auf 6,7% steigen. Die Verbraucherpreisinflation wird in den Jahren 2013 und 2014 in etwa bei 2% liegen. Der staatliche Finanzierungssaldo wird im Jahr 2013 wieder negativ.
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Mittelfristige Projektion der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung und der Staatsfinanzen in Deutschland
Oliver Holtemöller, Katja Drechsel, Brigitte Loose, Götz Zeddies
Konjunktur aktuell,
No. 1,
2013
Abstract
Die konjunkturelle Schwächephase im Winterhalbjahr 2012/2013 hat auch ein niedrigeres mittelfristiges Wirtschaftswachstum in Deutschland zur Folge als noch im Herbst unterstellt. Unter Berücksichtigung der Prognose für die Jahre 2013 und 2014 des IWH vom Dezember 2012 ist zwischen 2011 und 2017 mit einer durchschnittlichen Wachstumsrate des Bruttoinlandsproduktes von 1¼% pro Jahr zu rechnen. Hierbei wird angenommen, dass die Kapazitäten der deutschen Wirtschaft nach der vorübergehenden konjunkturellen Schwächephase über-durchschnittlich ausgelastet sein werden, unter anderem, weil die einheitliche europäische Geldpolitik in Deutschland noch längere Zeit expansiv wirken dürfte. Die Lage der öffentlichen Haushalte wird sich mittelfristig nur noch geringfügig verbessern. Zwar wird der gesamtstaatliche Haushalt nominal keine Defizite aufweisen. Ohne weitere Konsolidierungsbemühungen dürfte der Abbau des strukturellen Defizits jedoch nicht vollständig gelingen.
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Regions as Selection Environments? The Emergence of the Solar Industry in Germany from 1992 to 2008
Matthias Brachert, Christoph Hornych, Peter Franz
European Planning Studies,
No. 11,
2013
Abstract
The spatial evolution of the German solar industry is analysed in the light of the “window of locational opportunity” and the “selection environment” approach. The paper argues that differences in the regions' ability to promote the emergence of local external economies contribute to increasing regional differentiation in the German structure of the industry. Applied empirical methods enclose longitudinal firm entry and network analysis. A special focus is given upon the realignment processes in the science system. Our findings show a relatively rapid spatial concentration of production in eastern Germany since the year 2000. This process is accompanied by intensified networking between firms and between firms and universities as well as research institutes. The responsiveness of regional institutions and the self-organizing capabilities of the solar firms substantiate some propositions of the “selection environment” approach.
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FDI Micro Database – Methodological Note – Survey 2012 in East Germany
Jutta Günther, Andrea Gauselmann, Björn Jindra, Philipp Marek, Jan Engelhardt
Einzelveröffentlichungen,
2012
Abstract
With the integration of post-communist countries into the European and global economy
after 1990, there was strong research interest into the role of multinational enterprises
(MNEs) for economic restructuring and technological catching-up. Most of the existing
empirical studies on locational determinants of FDI and host country effects did not take
account of East Germany. This might be for different reasons: Firstly, theoretical and
empirical difficulties derive from the fact that East Germany followed a distinct transition
pattern as it became a region subsumed in a larger and more mature economy. Secondly,
East Germany received private investment from foreign as well as West German firms. Only
the first can be considered as a foreign direct investment (FDI). Finally, there had long been
a lack of micro data to adequately analyse the activities of corresponding firms from a
production as well as technological perspective.
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A Federal Long-run Projection Model for Germany
Oliver Holtemöller, Maike Irrek, Birgit Schultz
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 11,
2012
Abstract
Many economic decisions implicitly or explicitly rely on a projection of the medium- or long-term economic development of a country or region. In this paper, we provide a federal long-run projection model for Germany and the German states. The model fea-tures a top-down approach and, as major contribution, uses error correction models to estimate the regional economic development dependent on the national projection. For the medium- and long-term projection of economic activity, we apply a production function approach. We provide a detailed robustness analysis by systematically varying assumptions of the model. Additionally, we explore the effects of different demographic trends on economic development.
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Human Capital Mobility and Convergence – A Spatial Dynamic Panel Model of the German Regions
Alexander Kubis, Lutz Schneider
Abstract
Since the fall of the iron curtain in 1989, the migration deficit of the Eastern part of Germany has accumulated to 1.8 million people, which is over ten percent of its initial population. Depending on their human capital endowment, these migrants might either – in the case of low-skilled migration – accelerate or – in high-skilled case – impede convergence. Due to the availability of detailed data on regional human capital, migration and productivity growth, we are able to test how geographic mobility affects convergence via the human capital selectivity of migration. With regard to the endogeneity of the migration flows and human capital, we apply a dynamic panel data model within the framework of β-convergence and account for spatial dependence. The regressions indicate a positive, robust, but modest effect of a migration surplus on regional productivity growth. After controlling for human capital, the effect of migration decreases; this decrease indicates that skill selectivity is one way that migration impacts growth.
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Human Capital Mobility and Convergence. A Spatial Dynamic Panel Model of the German Regions
Alexander Kubis, Lutz Schneider
Abstract
Since the fall of the iron curtain in 1989, the migration deficit of the Eastern part of Germany has accumulated to 1.8 million people, which is over 10 percent of its ini-tial population. Depending on their human capital endowment, these migrants might either – in the case of low-skilled migration – accelerate or – in high-skilled case– impede convergence. Due to the availability of detailed data on regional human capital, migration and productivity growth, we are able to test how geographic mobil-ity affects convergence via the human capital selectivity of migration. With regard to the endogeneity of the migration flows and human capital, we apply a dynamic panel data model within the framework of β-convergence and account for spatial depend-ence. The regressions indicate a positive, robust, but modest effect of a migration surplus on regional productivity growth. After controlling for human capital, the effect of migration decreases; this decrease indicates that skill selectivity is one way that migration impacts growth.
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