Macroeconomic Shocks and Banks' Foreign Assets
Claudia M. Buch, K. Carstensen, A. Schertler
Journal of Money, Credit and Banking,
No. 1,
2010
Abstract
Recent developments in international financial markets have highlighted the role of banks in the transmission of shocks across borders. We employ dynamic panel methods for a sample of OECD countries to analyze whether banks' foreign assets react to macroeconomic shocks at home and abroad. We find that banks reduce their foreign assets in response to a relative increase in domestic interest rates, and they increase their foreign assets when the growth rate of world energy prices rises. The responses are characterized by a temporal overshooting and a dynamic adjustment process that extends over several quarters.
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Monopsonistic Labour Markets and the Gender Pay Gap: Theory and Empirical Evidence
Boris Hirsch
Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems,
No. 639,
2010
Abstract
This book investigates models of spatial and dynamic monopsony and their application to the persistent empirical regularity of the gender pay gap. Theoretically, the main conclusion is that employers possess more monopsony power over their female employees if women are less driven by pecuniary considerations in their choice of employers than men. Employers may exploit this to increase their profits at the detriment of women’s wages. Empirically, it is indeed found that women’s labour supply to the firm is less wage-elastic than men’s and that at least a third of the gender pay gap in the data investigated may result from employers engaging in monopsonistic discrimination. Therefore, a monopsonistic approach to gender discrimination in the labour market clearly contributes to the economic understanding of the gender pay gap. It not only provides an intuitively appealing explanation of the gap from standard economic reasoning, but it is also corroborated by empirical observation.
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Deriving the Term Structure of Banking Crisis Risk with a Compound Option Approach: The Case of Kazakhstan
Stefan Eichler, Alexander Karmann, Dominik Maltritz
Discussion paper, Series 2: Banking and financial studies, No. 01/2010,
No. 1,
2010
Abstract
We use a compound option-based structural credit risk model to infer a term structure of banking crisis risk from market data on bank stocks in daily frequency. Considering debt service payments with different maturities this term structure assigns a separate estimator for short- and long-term default risk to each maturity. Applying the Duan (1994) maximum likelihood approach, we find for Kazakhstan that the overall crisis probability was mainly driven by short-term risk, which increased from 25% in March 2007 to 80% in December 2008. Concurrently, the long-term default risk increased from 20% to only 25% during the same period.
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Market Concentration and Innovation in Transnational Corporations: Evidence from Foreign Affiliates in Central and Eastern Europe
Liviu Voinea, Johannes Stephan
Research on Knowledge, Innovation and Internationalization (Progress in International Business Research, Volume 4),
2009
Abstract
Purpose – The main research question of this contribution is whether local market concentration influences R&D and innovation activities of foreign affiliates of transnational companies.
Methodology/approach – We focus on transition economies and use discriminant function analysis to investigate differences in the innovation activity of foreign affiliates operating in concentrated markets, compared to firms operating in nonconcentrated markets. The database consists of the results of a questionnaire administered to a representative sample of foreign affiliates in a selection of five transition economies.
Findings – We find that foreign affiliates in more concentrated markets, when compared to foreign affiliates in less concentrated markets, export more to their own foreign investor's network, do more basic and applied research, use more of the existing technology already incorporated in the products of their own foreign investor's network, do less process innovation, and acquire less knowledge from abroad.
Research limitations/implications – The results may be specific to transition economies only.
Practical implications – The main implications of these results are that host country market concentration stimulates intranetwork knowledge diffusion (with a risk of transfer pricing), while more intense competition stimulates knowledge creation (at least as far as process innovation is concerned) and knowledge absorption from outside the affiliates' own network. Policy makers should focus their support policies on companies in more competitive sectors, as they are more likely to transfer new technologies.
Originality/value – It contributes to the literature on the relationship between market concentration and innovation, based on a unique survey database of foreign affiliates of transnational corporations operating in Eastern Europe.
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What Happened to the East German Housing Market? – A Historical Perspective on the Role of Public Funding –
Claus Michelsen, Dominik Weiß
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 20,
2009
Abstract
The paper analyses the development of the East German housing market after the reunification of the former German Democratic Republic and the Federal Republic of Germany in 1990. We analyse the dynamics of the East German housing market within the framework of the well-known stock-flow model, proposed by DiPasquale and Wheaton. We show that the today observable disequilibrium to a large extend is caused by post-unification housing policy and its strong fiscal incentives to invest into the housing stock. Moreover, in line with the stylized empirical facts, we show that ‘hidden reserves’ of the housing market were reactivated since the economy of East Germany became market organized. Since initial undersupply was overcome faster than politicians expected, the implemented fiscal stimuli were too strong. In contrast to the widespread opinion that outward migration caused the observable vacancies, this paper shows that not weakness of demand but supply side policies caused the observable disequilibrium.
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Badr-El-Din A. Ibrahim:"Poverty Alleviation via Islamic Banking Finance to Micro-Enterprises in Sudan: Some lessons for poor countries
Tobias Knedlik, K. (eds.) Wohlmuth
Sudan Economic Research Group Discussion Papers, No. 35,
2003
Abstract
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Will there be a shortage of skilled labor? An East German perspective to 2015
Herbert S. Buscher, Eva Dettmann, Marco Sunder, Dirk Trocka
Applied Economics Quarterly Supplement,
2009
Abstract
Wie auch andere ostdeutsche Bundesländer steht Thüringen noch immer einer hohen Arbeitslosigkeit in Folge des ökonomischen Transformationsprozesses gegenüber und erfährt eine schnellere Alterung und Schrumpfung der Bevölkerung als die meisten Regionen Westeuropas. Unter Verwendung von Extrapolationsmethoden wird im Beitrag für das Bundesland Thüringen eine Fortschreibung des Angebots und der Nachfrage nach Fachkräften – disaggregiert nach Qualifikationsarten – bis 2015 vorgestellt. Dabei weist die Analyse nicht auf einen unmittelbar bevorstehenden Fachkräfteengpass hin, dennoch liefert sie Hinweise auf einen enger werdenden Arbeitsmarkt für Fachkräfte. Auf Grundlage einer im Sommer 2008 durchgeführten Befragung von rund 1 000 thüringischen Unternehmen wird untersucht, inwieweit Unternehmen diese Entwicklung bereits heute als Problem einschätzen und welche Vorkehrungen sie im Bereich Personalpolitik gegebenenfalls treffen werden. Die Mehrzahl der Unternehmen plant den Ausbau von Weiterbildungsaktivitäten sowie die Einstellung bzw. die Beschäftigung von älteren Arbeitnehmern. Die Studie schließt mit Handlungsempfehlungen zur Reduzierung des Mismatch zwischen Qualifikationsangebot und -nachfrage.
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East German Labour Market
Hans-Ulrich Brautzsch
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 11,
2009
Abstract
Die Beschäftigungssituation in Ostdeutschland hat sich seit dem vierten Quartal des Jahres 2008 verschlechtert. Die Zahl der Erwerbstätigen nahm saisonbereinigt ab. Die Zahl der Arbeitslosen stieg hingegen nur gering und ging zuletzt saisonbereinigt sogar leicht zurück. Im Wesentlichen ist es auf drei Ursachenkomplexe zurückzuführen, dass sich die Situation auf dem ostdeutschen Arbeitsmarkt – gemessen an der Schwere des konjunkturellen Einbruchs – bislang nicht ungünstiger entwickelt hat: Erstens wurde die Arbeitszeit – insbesondere durch die Ausweitung von Kurzarbeit – reduziert. Zweitens wurden arbeitsmarktpolitische Instrumente neu ausgerichtet. Drittens schließlich verringerte sich – wie in den vergangenen Jahren – das Arbeitsangebot. Im Jahr 2010 wird sich die Beschäftigungssituation in Ostdeutschland infolge des schwachen Produktionswachstums weiter verschlechtern.
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